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Independent States |
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ALGERIA - ANGOLA - BENIM - BOTSWANA - BURKINA FASO - BURUNDI - CAMEROON - CAPE-VERDE - CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC - CHAD - THE COMOROS - CONGO (Brazzaville) - CONGO (Democratic Republic) - CÔTE D'IVOIRE (Ivory Coast) - DJIBOUTI - EGYPT - EQUATORIAL GUINEA - ERITREA - ETHIOPIA - GABON - GAMBIA - GHANA - GUINEA - GUINEA-BISSAU - KENYA - LESOTHO - LIBERIA - LIBYA - MADAGASCAR - MALAWI - MALI - MAURITANIA - MAURITIUS - MOROCCO - MOZAMBIQUE - NAMIBIA - NIGER - NIGERIA - RWANDA - SÃO TOMÉ-and-PRINCIPE - SENEGAL - SEYCHELLES - SIERRA LEONE - SOMALIA - SOUTH AFRICA - SUDAN - SWAZILAND -TANZANIA - TOGO - TUNISIA - UGANDA - ZAMBIA - ZIMBABWE Dependencies and Associated States |
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(Al Jumhuriyah al Jaza'iriyah ad Dimuqratiyah ash Shabiyah) |
Regime : Republic Abdelaziz BOUTEFLIKA - Chief of
State {Born on March 2, 1937} [Completes his high school education then
joins the ALN in 1956] (President since April 27, 1999) President elected by
popular vote for a five-year term ; election last
held 15 April 1999 (next to be held NA April
2004) Ali BENFLIS-Head of the Government {Born in 1944} [Doctorate in Law from Paris
University.] (Prime Minister since 26 August 2000) Prime minister appointed
by the president. |
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(Republica de Angola)
|
Regime : Transitional
government, nominally a multiparty democracy with a
strong presidential system José Eduardo
dos Santos - Chief of State {Born on August 28, 1942 in Luanda} [Studies in Bakou, USSR, graduated with an
engineer degree (petrol) and a skill in military
transmissions] (President since 21 September 1979) The president is both
chief of state and head of the government.
President DOS SANTOS
originally elected without opposition under a
one-party system and stood for reelection in
Angola's first multiparty elections in 29-30
September 1992, the last elections to be held (next
to be held NA) |
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(Republique du Benin) |
Regime : Republic (republic
under multiparty democratic rule ; dropped
Marxism-Leninism December 1989; democratic reforms
adopted February 1990 ; transition to multiparty
system completed 4 April 1991 Matthieu Kerekou
- Chief of State Born : on September
2, 1933 in Kouarfa in Northern Benin Education/Profession
: Studies at the the school for troops'
children in Kati, Mali, and in Saint-Louis,
Sénégal, then he volunteered in the
French army and went on trainings in Fréjus,
Montpellier and to the Headquarters' school in
Paris. (President since 4 April 1996 - 3°
term) The president is both
chief of state and head of the government.
President elected by
popular vote for a five-year term ; election last
held 3 and 04 March 2001 (next to be held NA March
2006) |
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(Republic of Botswana) |
Regime : Parliamentary
republic Festus Gontebanye MOGAE - Chief of
State {Born on July 23, 1925 at Kanye in the
South-East near Gaborone} [Started his career as a teacher then in
1958 got interested in the press and became manager
of "l'Echo africain". He initates his political
carrer in the shade of Sir Seretse Khama, il entame
une carrière politique] (President since 1 April 1998) The president is both
chief of state and head of the government.
President elected by the
National Assembly for a five-year term ; election
last held 16 October 1999 (next to be held NA
October 2004) Seretse Ian KHAMA - Vice President {Born in 1952} (Vice President since 1 April 1998) Vice president appointed
by the president. |
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(Burkina Faso) |
Regime : Parliamentary Blaise COMPAORÉ - Chief of
State {Born in Ziniane at 30 km from Ouagadougou, in
1951} [ Primary and high school education studies
at Ziniane then at the "Ecole Normale" (teachers
training school) in Ouagadougou. Military trainings
in France from 1975 to 1977 : at the Infantry
School in Montpellier, at the Mont-Louis School in
Pau where he got the paratrooper officer
rank.] (President since October 15 , 1987) President elected by
popular vote for a seven-year term ; the number of
terms which a president may serve is not limited ;
election last held 15 November 1998 (next to be
held NA 2005) Paramanga Ernest Yonli -
Head of the
Government {Born in 1956, in Tansarga, Tapoa Province -
Burkina Faso} [Education : B.A degree : 1979-1981
University of Benin/ESTEG (TOGO) B.S in Economic
Sciences Sciences-minoring - Economics (Planning
and Development) ; Graduated from the IEDES
: 1981-1984 University of Paris 1
Panthéon-Sorbonne / IEDES Majoring in
International Economics and Development ;
M.A : 1984 - 1985 from the National Institute
of Agriculture in Paris-Grignon (I.N.A.P.G.) /
University of Paris I (Dep. - IEDES) Specialized in
Agricultural Development ; Ph.D.: February
1997 from Ouagadougou University / Groningen
University (Netherlands), Ph.D Thesis in economics-
(Ph.D.) : February 1997 from Ouagadougou University
/ Groningen University (Netherlands) Ph.D thesis in
economics «Rural Strategy for food safety and
marketing with cereals- the role that banks of
cereals play in the North of Burkina Faso's Central
Plateau."] (Prime Minister since November 7, 2000) (Also Minister of Treasure
and Finance) Prime minister appointed
by the president with the consent of the
legislature. |
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(Republika y'u Burundi) |
Regime : Republic (De facto
Burundi is in state of civil war) Major
Pierre Buyoya
- Chief of State Born : on November
14, 1949 in Rutovu in the Bururi province Education/Profession :
High school education in Rutovu. From 1967
to 1975, high school education studies then
universitary, in Belgium. Graduated with a B.A in
Social and Military Sciences. Afterwards he he went
on a six -month- training at the "Ecole
d'Application des Troupes Blindées", in
Arlon, Belgium. Completed his universitary studies
in Law, in France, graduated in political sciences
and from the "Institut des Hautes études
d'Outre Mer" Party : Uprona (Union pour le Progrès
National / Union for National Progress) Political Career :
On September 3, 1987, his popularity among
the Armed Forces and a good reputation of integrity
led him to the head of the Military Committee for
National Salvation which brought the second
republic's regime to an end. He ruled the country
until April 6,1994. On July 25,1996 he accepted to
joint the government again in order to straighten
out the situation following President Melchior
Ndadaye's murder. (President since 25 July 1996 - 2°
term) The president is both
chief of state and head of government. (President (interim
president since 25 july 1996 and officially sworn
in on 11 June 1998) The president is assisted by
First Vice President and Second Vice President ;
note-former President NTIBANTUNGANYA was overthrown
in a coup on 25 July 1996. awaiting Frederic
Bamvuginyumvira -
1°Vice-President Education/Profession :
1992 - B.A in French Language and literature
from the University of Burundi] (1° Vice-President since 1998) Mathias
Sinamenya -
2°Vice-President (2° Vice-President since 1998) |
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(Republic of Cameroon) |
Regime : Republic (unitary
republic ; multiparty presidential regime
(opposition parties legalized in 1990) Paul BIYA -
Chief of State {Born on February 13, 1933 in Mvomeka'a} [C.E.P.E (primary) : June 1948 (Catholic
School in Nden). Pre-priesthood at Saint
Tharcissius' in Edéa (1948-1950). Priesthood
in Akono (1950-1954). B.E.P.C.(high school degree)
: June 1953. Lycée Général
Leclerc (1954-1956). General Certificate of
Education (1st Part) : June 1955. General
Certificate of Education (2d Part) (philosophy) :
June 1956. Lycée Louis Le Grand (Paris). La
Sorbone University (Paris) : Law Faculty. "Institut
d'Etudes Politiques" in Paris. "Institut des Hautes
Etudes d'Outre-Mer" (Paris).Degrees : B.L.L in
Public Law, Degree from the Institute for Political
Studies (Institut d'Etudes Politiques), Degree from
the Institute for Overseas Higher Studies (Institut
des Hautes Etudes d'Outre-Mer), diploma of Superior
Studies in Public Law.] (President since 6
November 1982) President elected by
popular vote for a seven-year term ; election last
held 12 October 1997-President BIYA reelected (next
to be held NA October 2004) Peter Mafany MUSONGE - Head of the
Government {Born in 1942} (Prime Minister since 19 September 1996) Prime minister appointed
by the president. Legislative branch:
unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale
(180 seats ; members are elected by direct popular
vote to serve five-year terms ; Elections : last
held 11 May 1997 (next to be held NA
2002) |
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(Republica de Cabo Verde) |
Regime : Republic Pedro Verona
Rodrigues Pires
- Chief of State Born : on the Fire
Island (ilha do Fogo) on April,1934 Education : Primary
and secundary studies in Praia and in S. Vicente.
1956 attended the Faculty of Science in Lisbon. Party : PAICV
(Partido Africano da Independência de Cabo
Verde / African Party of Independence of Cape
Verde) Political career :
1961 joioned the PAIGC. In 1973 IId Congress of the
PAIGC, he was confirmed as a member of the Higher
Council of Struggle and of its Executive Committee,
and electedChairman of the National Comission for
Cape Verde. Prime Minister from 8 Jul 1975 - to 4
Apr 1991. (President since 22 March 2001) President elected by
popular vote for a five-year term ; election last
held 11 and 25 February 2001 (next to be held NA
February 2005) Dr.José Maria
Neves - Head of Government Born : 1959 Education : B.A
degree in Public Administration from the
Getúlio Vargas' Foundation (S. Paulo). Party : PAICV
(Partido Africano da Independência de Cabo
Verde / African Party of Independence of Cape
Verde) (Prime Minister since 01 February 2001) Prime minister nominated
by the National Assembly and appointed by the
president. Links PARLIAMENT :
http://www.chez.com/vips/parleafe.htm |
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(Republique Centrafricaine)
|
Regime : Republic Ange-Félix PATASSE - Chief
of State Born : in 1937 in
Paoua -Northwest of the country Education/Profession
: Vocational Agricultural Inspector - "Ecole
supérieure d'agriculture tropicale" de
Nogent-sur-Marne. Party : MLPC
(Mouvement pour la Libération du Peuple
Centrafricain / Liberation Movement of the Central
African People) (President since 22 October 1993) President elected by
popular vote for a six-year term ; election last
held 19 September 1999 - Président PATASSE
reelected (next to be held NA 2005) Martin
Ziguélé - Head of the
Government Born : in Feb.12,
1957 in Paoua ( Central African Rep.) Education/Profession
: 1972 : BEPC Degree from Bossangoa Small Seminary
1975 : Baccalaureate degree (State Lycée of
the Rapides in Bangui - RCA). 1976-1978 : a degree
in Higher Studies for Insurance (D.E.S.A) from the
International Institute of Insurance in
Yaoundé (Cameroon). 1975-1977 et 1981-1982 :
B.A degree- (faculty of Artsand human Sciences from
the university of Bangui - RCA). 15 July- 30
October 1978 : senior officer at the head of the
controle of Insurance at the Ministry of Finance in
Bangui (RCA). Sept. 1988 - December 1995: Head of
various Dep.at the State Enterprise for Insurance
SIRIRI Bangui- RCA. January 1996-July 2000 : Head
of the life division at CICARE's along with another
position at the IARD's for non-African affairs
(Europe, Asiaand Middle East). July 2000-April 2001
: National Manager of BEAC forRCA. Party : MLPC
(Mouvement pour la Libération du Peuple
Centrafricain / Liberation Movement of the Central
African People) (Prime Minister since 1 April 2001) Prime minister appointed
by the president. |
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(Republique du Tchad) |
Regime : Republic Lt. Gen. Idriss
Déby - Chief of
State Born : in 1952 in
Fada -Northern Chad Military career :
In 1976 obtained a vocational pilot licence in
France. Party : MPS
(Mouvement Patriotique du Salut / Patriotic
Salvation Movement) (President since 2 December 1990) [President of
patriotic Salvation Movement 2 - 4 December 1990,
Chief of State 4 december 1990 - 4 March
1991] President elected by
popular vote to serve five-year terms ; if no
candidate receives at least 50% of the total vote,
the two candidates receiving the most votes must
stand for a second round of voting ; last held 20
May 2001 - DEBY reelected president with 61,4%
(next to be held NA 2006) Nagoum Yamassoum
- Head of the Government Party : MPS
(Mouvement Patriotique du Salut / Patriotic
Salvation Movement) (Prime Minister since 13 December 1999) Prime minister appointed
by the president. |
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(Republique Federale Islamique des Comores) |
Regime Republic Colonel Azali
Assoumani - Chief of State Born : 1957 (President since 30 April 1999) The president was elected
for a six year term by the people. Self-proclaimed head of
State and Government on May 6 1999. To that date,
virtual head of State as Chief of Staff of the
National Army of Development Assoumani came to power by
a military coup. Hamada Madi - Head
of the Government Born : 1963 in
l'île de Mohéli Education :
Diplômé de droit constitutionnel en
Ukraine (Prime Minister since 29 Nov 2000) |
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(Republique du Congo) |
Regime : Republic Denis SASSOU-NGUESSO - Chief of
State {Born in 1943 in Edou (North)} [ Lieutenant ranked from the Infantry School
in Saint-Maixent (France)] (President since 25 October 1997 - 2°
mandat, following the civil war in which he toppled
elected president Pascal LISSOUBA) The president is both the
chief of state and head of government. President elected by
popular vote for a five-year term ; election last
held 16 August 1992 (next was to be held 27 July
1997 but will be delayed for several years pending
the drafting of a new constitution) |
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(Democratic Republic) (Republique Democratique du Congo)
|
Regime : Dictatorship ;
presumably undergoing a transition to
representative government . Gen.Joseph
Kabila - Chief of State Born : 1970 (President since 17 January 2001 - acting) Joseph Kabila seized power
after his father's death. The president is both
chief of state and head of government. |
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(Ivory Coast) (Republique de Cote d'Ivoire) |
Regime : Republic
(multiparty presidential regime established
1960) Laurent Gbagbo
- Chief of State Born : on May
31,1945 in Gagnoa (Center-West) Education/Profession :
University history-geography professor, at
the " Lycée classique d'Abidjan" (1970-73) -
Searcher at the Institute of History, Art and
African Archeology (IHAAA, 1974-82). Party : FPI (Front
Populaire Ivorienne / Ivorian People's Front) Political career :
General Secretary of the Ivorian Popular
Front (FPI, 1988-96) -Chairman of the FPI (since
July 1996). (President since October 25, 2000) (Last election to
president held : October 22, 2000) Affi N'Guessan
- Head of the Government Born : in 1953 in
Bongouanou, at roughly 200 KM East of Abidjan Education/Profession :
Engineer in Telecommunications. Party : FPI (Front
Populaire Ivorienne / Ivorian People's Front) Political career :
Mayor of Bongouamou - Gbagbo 's campaign
director, deputy general secretary of the FPI
(since July 1999) - former minister of Industry and
Tourism in General Robert Guei's transitional
government (since Jan. 2000). (Prime Minister since
27 of October 2000)
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(Republic of Djibouti) |
Regime : Republic Ismail Omar
Guelleh - Chief of State Born
: in 1947 in
Diré-Dawa, Ethiopia Education/Profession
: Primary
education studies at the Alliance Française
in Diré-Dawa. Completed his high school,
education cursus in Djibouti. In 1968 he enlisted
into the french police then where he'd take service
in the general security department. Two years later
he'd get the rank of a police inspector. Party : RPP
(Rassemblement populaire pour le Progrès /
People's Rally for Progress) (President since 8 May 1999) President elected by
popular vote for a six-year term ; election last
held 9 April 1999 (next to be held 9 April
2005) Dileita
Mohamed Dileita
- Head of the Government Born : on March
12,1958 in Tadjourahle Education/Profession
: Studied in a
Cairo high school then in Reims (France), before he
graduated with a degree of Foreign Attaché
from the CFA(Center for vocational training) in
Médéa (Algérie) in 1981. Party : RPP
(Rassemblement populaire pour le Progrès /
People's Rally for Progress) (Prime Minister since
March 7, 2001) Prime minister appointed
by the president. Links : PARLIAMENT :
http://www.chez.com/vips/parleafe.htm |
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(Jumhuriyat Misr al-Arabiyah) |
Regime : Republic Muhammad Husni MUBARAK - Chief of
State {Born on May 4, 1928 in Al-Menoufiyah
governorate, located in the Delta area} [Upon his completion of high school, Mr.
Mubarak joined the Egyptian Military Academy, where
he received his Bachelor Degree in Military
Sciences.] (President since 14 October 1981) President nominated by the
People's Assembly for a six-year term, the
nomination must then be validated by a national,
popular referendum ; national referendum last held
4 October 1999 - Président MUBARAK
réélu (next to be held NA October
2005) Dr. Atef
Muhammad Muhammad EBEID - Head of
the Government {Born in 1932} (Prime Minister since 5
October 1999) Prime minister appointed
by the president. |
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GUINEA (Guinea Ecuatorial) |
Regime : Republic (republic
in transition to multiparty democracy (the
transition appears to have halted) Brig.Gen.(Ret.)Teodoro
Obiang Nguema Mbasogo - Chief
of State Born : in 1942 Education/Profession
: Training in the Military Academy of
Saragoza in Spain, the colonizing power. Party : PDGE
(Partido Democratico Guinea Ecuatorial / Democratic
Party of Ecuatorial Guinea) (President since 3 August 1979) President elected by
popular vote to a seven-year term ; election last
held 25 February 1996 (next to be held NA February
2003) Cándido Mutatema
Rivas - Head of the Government Born : 1961 Party : PDGE
(Partido Democratico Guinea Ecuatorial / Democratic
Party of Ecuatorial Guinea) (Prime Minister since 04 March 2001) Prime minister appointed
by the president. |
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(Hagere Ertra) |
Regime : Transitional government
Isaias AFWERKI - Chief of
State {Born in Asmara in 1946} [Studies in engineering in Addis
Abeba-Ethiopia- which he'd drop in 1966 to join the
Liberation Front of Eritrea (Front de
libération de l'Erythrée) striving
against ethiopian rule.] (President since 24 May 1993) The president is both the
chief of state and head of government. The president is head of
the State Council and National Assembly President elected by the
National Assembly ; election last held 8 June 1993
(next to be held NA) Ahmed Sherifo MAHMUD - Vice President (Vice President since 24 May 1993) |
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(YeItyop'iya Federalawi Demokrasiyawi Ripeblik) |
Regime : Federal Republic
(Federal Democratic Republic of
Ethiopia) Lieutenant Girma
Wolde-Giyorgis - Chief of State Born : in 1925 Independent member of parliament and
businessman (President since 08 October 2001) President elected by the
House of People's Representatives for a six-year
term ; election last held June 2001 (next to be
held NA 2005) Meles
Zenawi -
Head of the Government Born : in 1955 in
Adoua} Education/Profession
: Studies in English then he started to
study medecine in 1971 in Addis-Abeba before he
joined the opposition movement to the imperial
regime. Party : TPLF
(Tigray Peoples Liberation Front) (Prime Minister since 22
August 1995) Prime minister designated
by the party in power following legislative
elections. |
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(Republique Gabonaise) |
Regime : Republic
(multiparty presidential regime (opposition
parties legalized 1990) El Hadj Omar BONGO - Chief of State (Albert-Bernard) {Born on December 30, 1935 in Lewai
(Haut-Egoué, Southeastern Gabon)} [Studies in Brazzaville-Congo- then takes
service in public office in 1958] (President since 2 November 1967) President elected by
popular vote for a seven-year term ; election last
held 6 December 1998 (next to be held NA
2005) Didjob Divungi Di NDINGE - Vice
President (Vice President since 27 May 1997) Jean-François
NTOUTOUME-EMANE - Head of the
Government {Born in 1939} [Graduated with a doctorate in Politcal
Sciences in the university of Jussieu
(Paris)] (Prime Minister since 23
January 1999) Prime minister appointed
by the president. |
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(Republic of Gambia) |
Regime : Republic (under
multiparty democratic rule) Colonel (RTD) Yahya Alphonse Jamus
Jebulai JAMMEH - Chief of State {Born on 25th May 1965, in Kanilai village, Foni
Kansala District in the Western Division of The
Gambia} [Educated at Kanilai Primary School, Saint
Edwards Primary School Bwiam, and Gambia High
School.] (President since 22 July 1994) {Chairman Armed Forces
Provisional Ruling Council to 28 September 1996 ;
Head of State to October 1996} The President is both
Chief of State and head of the
Government. The president is elected
by popular vote to a five-year term ; the number of
terms is not restricted ; election last held 26
September 1996 (next to be held NA 2001)
Mrs. Isatou Nje SAÏDY -
Vice-President - Secretary of State for Health, Social Welfare
& Women's Affairs - (Vice-President since 22 July 1994) |
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(Republic of Ghana) |
Regime : Constitutional
democracy John Agyekum Kufuor
- Chief of State Born : on December
8, 1938 at Damang in the Ashanti Region. Education : He was
educated at Prempeh College, Kumasi, enrolled at
the Lincoln's Inn, London, and was called to the
English Bar in 1961. He holds an Honors B.A. degree
and an MA degree in Philosophy, Politics and
Economics, awarded by the Oxford University in
1964. Party : NPB (New
Patriotic Party) (President since 07 January 2001) The President is both
Chief of State and Head of the
Government. President and vice
president elected on the same ticket by popular
vote for four-year terms ; election last held 7
December 2000 (next to be held NA 2004) Alhaji Mahama
Aliu - Vice-President Born : on the 3rd
of March 1946 in Yendi at the Northern Region. Education : He was
enrolled into the Government Secondary School at
Tamale where he attained his 'O' and 'A' Level
Certificate from 1960 to 1967, and then to the
University of Science and Technology where he read
Building Technology. Party : NPP (New
Patriotic Party) (Vice-President since 07 January 2001) |
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(Republique de Guinee) |
Regime : Republic Général Lansana
CONTÉ - Chief of State {Born in 1934 in Moussayah Loumbaya
(Dubréka)} [Following his coranic studfies, he attends
the primary school in Dubréka.He passed the
admission exam to the Technical High School for
troopers'children, and completed his studies in
Bingerville (Côte d'Ivoire) and Saint Louis
(Senegal).] (President since 3 April 1984) (Chairman Military
Committee of National Restoration to 5 April
1984) President elected by
popular vote for a five-year term ; candidate must
receive a majority of the votes cast to be elected
president ; election last held 14 December 1998
(next to be held NA December 2003) Lamine SIDIMÉ - Head of the
Government {Born 1944} [B.L.L in Private Law from the University of
Paris I, diploma from the institute of judiciary
studies in Paris in 1971, diploma in criminology
from the University of Paris I. ] (Prime Minister since 8 March 1999) The prime minister is
appointed by the president. |
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(Republica da Guine-Bissau) |
Regime : Republic
(multiparty since mid-1991) Kumba
Ialá - Chief of State Born : in 1952 (President since 19 February 2000) The president was elected
for a five year term by the people. Faustino Fudut Imbali
- Head of the Government Born : 1955 Education/Profession
: Sociólogo. (Prime Minister since 21 March 2001) Prime minister appointed
by the president after consultation with party
leaders in the legislature. |
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(Republic of Kenya) |
Regime : Republic Hon. Daniel Toroitich arap MOI - Chief of
State {Born on 2nd September, 1924 in a small village
of Kurieng'wo in Sacho Location of Baringo
District} [Teacher] (President since 22 August 1978) The president is both the
chief of state and head of government. President elected by
popular vote from among the members of the National
Assembly for a five-year term ; election last held
29 December 1997 - Daniel T. arap MOI reelected
(next to be held by early 2003) Hon. Prof. George SAITOTI -
Vice-President - Ministry of Home Affairs, Heritage and Sports
- (Vice-President since 10 May 1989 ) |
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(Kingdom of Lesotho) |
Regime : Parliamentary
constitutional monarchy King David Mohato LETSIE III - Chief of
State {Born on July 17, 1963} (King since 7 February 1996 - For the second
time) The monarchy is
hereditary, but, under the terms of the
constitution which came into effect after the March
1993 election, the monarch is a "living symbol of
national unity" with no executive or legislative
powers ; under traditional law the college of
chiefs has the power to determine who is next in
the line of succession, who shall serve as regent
in the event that the successor is not of mature
age, and may even depose the monarch. Hon. Pakalitha
MOSISILI - Head of the Government {Born in 1945} (Prime Minister since 29
May 1998)
- Minister of Home Affairs
- |
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(Republic of Liberia) |
Regime : Republic Charles Ghankay TAYLOR - Chief of
State {Born January 28, 1948, Liberia} [Bentley College in Massachusetts, from
which he graduated in 1977.] (President since 2 August 1997) The president is both the
chief of state and head of the
government. President elected by
popular vote for a four-year term (renewable) ;
election last held 19 July 1997 (next to be held NA
July 2001) |
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(Al Jamahiriyyah al Arabiyyah al- Libiyyah ash Shabiyah al Ishtirakiyyah al-Uzma) |
Regime : Jamahiriya (a state
of the masses) in theory, governed by the populace
through local councils ; in fact, a military
dictatorship Revolutionary Leader Col.
Muammar Muhammad Abu Minyar
al-KADHAFI - Chief of State
(Holds no official title, but is de facto chief of
state) {Born in Misurata, Libya, in 1942} [Dropped superior studies in history to
enter the military academy in 1963.] (since 1 September 1969) National elections are
indirect through a hierarchy of peoples' committees
; head of government elected by the General
People's Congress ; election last held NA (next to
be held NA) Zentani Muhammad az-ZENTANI -(nominal
chief of state) (General Secretary of the General People's
Congress since 18 November 1992) Mubarak Abdallah al-SHAMIKHEST - Head of
the Government (Secretary of the General People's Committee
since 1 March 2000) |
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(Republique de Madagascar) |
Regime : Republic Didier RATSIRAKA - Chief of
State {Born on November 4, 1936 in Vatomandry,
province of Tamatave} [Secundary studies in the "lycée
Saint-Michel" in Anananarivo, and gets interested
in superior and special mathématics. Then he
chooses a military career, and is included in the
group of officers granted with a training abroad.
Engineer from the Navy School in Brest (France),
graduated from the Higher School of Transmissions
and also got a degree from the Navy Higher War
School..] (President since 9 February 1997 - 2°
term) President elected by
popular vote for a five-year term ; election last
held 29 December 1996 (next to be held NA
2002) Tantely Rene Gabriot ANDRIANARIVO
- Head of the Government {Born in 1954} (Prime Minister since 23 July 1998) Prime minister appointed
by the president from a list of candidates
nominated by the National Assembly. |
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(Republic of Malawi) |
Regime : Republic
(multiparty democracy) Elson Bakili MULUZI -
Chief of State {Born in 1951} [Technical studies in Denmark and
Great-Britain.] (President since 21 May 1994) The president is both the
chief of state and head of the
government. The president and the
vice-president are elected on one ballot for a five
year term by the people. President elected by
popular vote for a five-year term ; election last
held 15 June 1999 - MALUZI reelected president
(next to be held by 2004) Justin C. MALEWEZI - Vice President (Vice President since 21 May 1999) - Minister for Privatization - |
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(Republique de Mali) |
Regime : Republic Alpha Oumar KONARÉ - Chief
of State {Born on February 2, 1946 in Kayes} [Teacher then majored in the deptartment of
history of the "Ecole normale supérieure" in
Bamako. 1975 doctorate in Histoiry and Archeology
from the University of Warsaw.] (President since 8 June 1992) President elected by
popular vote for a five-year term ; election last
held 11 May 1997 - KONARE reelected president (next
to be held May 2002) Mande SIDIBE - Head of the Government {Born in 1940} (Prime Minister since 15 February 2000) Prime minister appointed
by the president. |
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(Al Jumhuriyah al Islamiyah al Muritaniyah) |
Regime : Republic Col. Maaouya Ould Sidi Ahmed TAYA
- Chief of State {Born in 1941 in Atar Northeastern
Mauritania} [ÉHigh School in Rosso. Got a
military training in France and spécialized
in topography.] (President since 16 November 1998) President TAYA Head of the
Military Comittes for National Salvation for 12
décember to 18 April 1992. President elected by
popular vote for a six-year term ; election last
held 12 December 1997 - President TAYA reelected
(next to be held NA December 2003) Cheik El Afia Ould Mohamed KHOUNA
- Head of the Government (Prime Minister since 16 November 1998 - 2°
term) Prime minister appointed
by the president. |
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(Republic of Mauritius) |
Regime : Parliamentary
democracy Cassam UTEEM - Chief of State {Born 22nd March 1941} [Educational institutions : Coeur
Sacré de Jésus R. C. A., Port Louis ;
Royal College, Port Louis ; University of Mauritius
; University of Paris VII ; "Ecole des Services
Sociaux et de Surintendants d'Usine",
Paris] (President since 30 June 1992) President and vice
president elected by the National Assembly for
five-year terms ; election last held 28 June 1997 -
UTEEM reelected president and CHETTIAR elected vice
president (next to be held NA 2002) Angidi CHETTIAR - Vice President (Vice President since 1 July 1997) Sir Anerood JUGNAUTH - Head of the
Government {Born 1930} (Prime Minister since 17 September 2000 - 2nd
time) - Also Minister of Defence & Home Affairs,
and Minister of External Communications - Prime minister appointed
by the president and are responsible to the
National Assembly. |
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(Al Mamlakah al Maghribiyah) |
Regime : Constitutional monarchy
King MUHAMMAD VI - Chief of State {Born in Rabat 1963 August 21} [1967 : Starts studying at the Koranic
school at the Royal Palace, just like his father
before him. 1969 : Starts modern style education.
1973 : Starts secondary education at the Royal
College.1981 : Receives his Baccalaureate. 1985 :
Receives his B.A. in law from the College of Law at
the Rabat Muhammed V University. 1993 October 29 :
Receives the title Doctor in law from the
University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis in France. Here
he delivered a thesis on EEC-Maghreb
Relations.] (King since 23 July 1999) The monarchy is
hereditary. Abderrahmane El YOUSSOUFI - Head of the
Government {Born on March 8, 1924 in Tanger} [Law degree (B.L.L). M.A in Political
Sciences. Degree from the International Institute
for Human Rights.] (Prime Minister since 4 February 1998) Prime minister appointed
by the monarch following legislative elections.
|
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(Republica de Mocambique) |
Regime : Republic Dr. Joaquim Alberto
CHISSANO - Chief of State {Born on October 22, 1939} [Studied medecine in Lisbon, Poitiers
(France) and Uppsala (Sweden).] (President since 6 November 1986) note - before being
popularly elected, CHISSANO was elected president
by Frelimo's Central Committee 4 November 1986
(reelected by the Committee 30 July 1989)
President elected by
popular vote for a five-year term ; election last
held 3-4 December 1999 - CHISSANO reelected
president (next to be held NA 2004) Dr. Pascoal Manuel MOCUMBI
- Head of the Government {Born on April 10, 1941 in Maputo} [Graduated in medecine.
Obstetrician] (Prime Minister since 16 December 1994) Prime minister appointed
by the president. |
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(Republic of Namibia) |
Regime : Republic Samuel Daniel Shafiishuna (Sam) NUJOMA
- Chief of State {Born on May 12, 1929 in Etunda} [High School.] (President since 21 March 1990) The president is both the
chief of state and head of government. President elected by
popular vote for a five-year term ; election last
held 1 December 1999 NUJOMA reelected president
(next to be held NA December 2004) Hage Gottfried GEINGOB - Head of the
Government {Born 03 August 1941, Grootfontein -
Otjozondjupa} [Teacher's Certificate, Augustineum Training
College - 1961 BA Fordham University, USA - 1970 MA
International Relations, New School of Social
Science, USA - 1974] (Prime Minister since 21 March 1990) Hon. Hendrik WITBOOI - Deputy Prime
Minister {Born 7 January 1934 in Gibeon, Namibia} [1998 : Conferred upon one Hon Doctorate
Degree by Morris Brown College, Atlanta
Georgia] (Deputy President since 21 March 1990) |
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(Republique du Niger) |
Regime : Republic Colonel Mamadou TANDJA - Chief of
State {Born in 1938} (President since 22 December 1999) The president is elected
for a five year term by the people. Elections :
last held 17 october and 24 november 1999. (next to
be held NA 2004) Hama AMADOU - Head of the
Government (Prime minister since 3 January 2000 - 2nd
time) |
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(Federal Republic of Nigeria) |
Regime : Republic transitioning
from military to civilian rule Olusegun Obasanjo
- Chief of State Born : in southwest
Nigeria, an ethnic Yoruba, in 1937 Education/Profession :
1958 Joined the army. 1967-70 Led the
commando division in the Biafran civil war. 1976
Took power. Political career :
1979 Relinquished power to civilians. The
only military leader in 39 years of independence to
have voluntarily handed power from a military
government to a civilian elected government 1991
Considered as possible UN secretary-general. 1995
Jailed by Sani Abacha. 1998 Freed by General
Abubakar. 1999 Won Nigeria's presidential
elections. Note : In 1999 he
became a civilian leader, taking over from the
military. Since his election he has spoken out
against corruption and has banned ethnic-based
militias promoting separatism. (President since 29 May 1999) |
MONUA
